Word
- JCM
- The Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) is a program in which Japan’s contribution to the reduction and removal of greenhouse gas emissions in partner countries through transferring low-carbon technology and products is calculated and evaluated as credits for contribution.
(Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan: http://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2014/0726_01.html) - MRV
- MRV is a term used to describe all measures which states take to collect data on emissions, mitigation actions and support, to compile this information in reports and inventories, and to subject these to some form of international review or analysis.
(International Partnership on Mitigation and MRV: http://mitigationpartnership.net/measuring-reporting-and-verification-mrv-0) - GHG Inventory
- Greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories are a type of emission inventory that shows a list of GHG emissions from each source.
- Green Development
- Green development is a concept of land use planning based on community-conscious or environment-friendly developments.
- GHG
- A greenhouse gas (GHG) is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits infrared radiation.
- GOSAT-2
- GOSAT-2 is a successor satellite of the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), an Earth observation satellite of world’s first satellite for greenhouse-gas-monitoring. GOSAT-2 will be launched in 2017, which is expected to observe black carbon and PM2.5.
- Dzud (Zud)
- Dzud is a Mongolian term on extreme weather such as heavy snow and extreme coldness, which causes serious loss of livestock.
- Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change
- Adaptation means anticipating the adverse effects of climate change and taking appropriate action to prevent or minimise the damage they can cause, or taking advantage of opportunities that may arise.
(EU, http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/adaptation/index_en.htm)
Mitigation, reducing climate change, involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport) or enhancing the “sinks” that accumulate and store these gases (such as the oceans, forests and soil).
(NASA, http://climate.nasa.gov/solutions/adaptation-mitigation/) - Normadic Pastralism
- Nomadic pastoralism is a form of pastoralism where nomadic herders graze livestock to find fresh pastures and waters.
- REDD
- REDD (Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) is a mechanism with the objective of mitigating climate change through reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases through enhanced forest management in developing countries, which has been under negotiation by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 2005.
REDD+ is a climate change mitigation solution that many initiatives, including the UN-REDD Programme, are currently developing and supporting.
(UN-REDD, http://www.un-redd.org/aboutredd)